Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Pyrolysis by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789811527326
Publisher: Springer Singapore

The radical cleavage of the carboxylic group during the pyrolysis of fats represents a very important step that leads to the formation of linear, cyclic and aromatics hydrocarbons. Bio-oils produced from these feedstocks are very close to the properties required by the fuel market.

Even if the main body of fatty acids is well defined the alkyl chains could have different degrees of unsaturation that affect the distribution of the products. Wang et al. [167] studied this behavior during MAP of fatty acids salts (sodium stearate, sodium oleate, and sodium linoleate). Findings proved the production alkadienes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, alkynes and aromatics from unsaturated fatty acids while they are contained in a very low amount in bio-oils produced from MAP of saturated fatty.

The other task related to MAP of fatty acids is represented by the presence of glycerol derived from triglycerides. Despite the high oxygen content, this molecule could be effectively converted into fuel components using MAP as shown by Ng et al. [168].

Rapeseed oil represents another feedstock for sustainable MAP conversions as proved by Omar et al. [169]. They compared the efforts of MAP with the outputs of traditional pyrolysis in a temperature range from 775 K to 875 K producing an interesting amount of diesel-like liquid fraction composed by aromatics, long-chain alkanes, cyclo-alkanes, alkenes and cyclo-alkenes; acids and other heavy oxygenated products. Compared with traditional pyrolysis, MAP improved the formation of aromatics in the liquid fraction.

In the last years, algae have harvested a huge interest due to their high content of lipids [170]. A lot of studies reported the MAP conversion of microalgae to hydrocarbon mixture [171–173] and their use in MW induced co-pyrolytic process from the production of hydrocarbon reach bio-oils [174–176]. Also in the MAP of algae, catalytic upgrading was performed mainly using zeolite materials for the improvement of aromatic fractions [177–179].

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